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Cannabidiol, commonly known as CBD, has garnered widespread attention in recent years. But what is CBD, and what does it do? CBD is a naturally occurring compound found in the hemp plant, a cousin of the Cannabis plant. Although derived from hemp, CBD is not the same as Cannabis and is non-psychoactive, meaning it doesn’t cause a “high” sensation[1].
The human body has a complex cell-signaling system called the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, such as mood, appetite, sleep, and immune response[2]. CBD interacts with the ECS by influencing the receptors responsible for these processes, providing potential wellness benefits.
There are three main types of CBD products: full spectrum, broad spectrum, and CBD isolate. Full spectrum CBD contains all cannabinoids, including trace amounts of THC, while broad spectrum CBD has all cannabinoids except THC. CBD isolate, on the other hand, is the purest form of CBD, containing no other cannabinoids[3].
CBD has been studied for its potential in treating various health conditions. Some research suggests that it may provide relief from chronic pain, anxiety, inflammation, and sleep disorders[4]. CBD has also demonstrated neuroprotective properties, which could potentially help in the treatment of neurological disorders such as epilepsy[5].
Is CBD considered a drug? While CBD is not considered a drug in the same sense as marijuana, it is still a controlled substance in some jurisdictions. However, hemp-derived CBD products containing less than 0.3% THC are legal in most places[6].
Does taking CBD make you feel anything? CBD does not produce the “high” associated with marijuana, but it may induce a sense of relaxation or calm.
Is CBD addictive? Current research indicates that CBD has a low potential for addiction, and it may even help treat addiction to other substances[7].
There is a vast array of CBD products available, including edibles (like CBD gummies), topicals (such as creams and balms), tinctures, and vapes. Each product type offers different methods of consumption and varying onset times and durations of effects[8].
While CBD is generally considered safe, it can cause some side effects, such as dry mouth, dizziness, and drowsiness[9]. The appropriate dosage varies depending on factors like weight, metabolism, and the desired effect. It’s essential to start with a low dose and gradually increase until the desired results are achieved[10]. Various extraction methods are used to obtain CBD oil from the hemp plant, including CO2 extraction, ethanol extraction, and olive oil extraction. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, affecting the quality, purity, and safety of the final product[11]
With the wide variety of CBD products available, it’s crucial to consider your personal preferences and health goals when selecting the right option for you. For instance, CBD edibles may be suitable for those seeking a discreet and convenient method of consumption, while topicals may be more appropriate for localized pain relief or skin issues. Tinctures and vapes provide faster onset times, making them ideal for situations that require immediate relief[12].
In conclusion, CBD has shown promising potential in various wellness applications, from pain relief to anxiety management. By understanding the science behind CBD, its different forms, and the range of products available, you can make informed decisions about incorporating CBD into your lifestyle. As with any natural remedy, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional before using CBD, especially if you’re currently taking medications or have a pre-existing health condition.
[1] FDA. (2020). What You Need to Know (And What We’re Working to Find Out) About Products Containing Cannabis or Cannabis-derived Compounds, Including CBD. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-you-need-know-and-what-were-working-find-out-about-products-containing-cannabis-or-cannabis
[2] Russo, E. B. (2018). The Case for the Entourage Effect and Conventional Breeding of Clinical Cannabis: No “Strain,” No Gain. Frontiers in plant science, 9, 1969.
[3] National Institute of Health. (2021). Cannabidiol (CBD). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556048/
[4] Bonn-Miller, M. O., Loflin, M. J. E., Thomas, B. F., Marcu, J. P., Hyke, T., & Vandrey, R. (2017). Labeling Accuracy of Cannabidiol Extracts Sold Online. JAMA, 318(17), 1708–1709.
[5] Devinsky, O., Cross, J. H., Laux, L., Marsh, E., Miller, I., Nabbout, R., … Wright, S. (2017). Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 376(21), 2011–2020.
[6] World Health Organization. (2018). Cannabidiol (CBD) Pre-Review Report. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/medicines/access/controlled-substances/CannabidiolCriticalReview.pdf
[7] Panlilio, L. V., Justinova, Z., & Goldberg, S. R. (2018). Inhibition of FAAH and activation of PPAR: New approaches to the treatment of cognitive dysfunction and drug addiction. Pharmacological Research, 129, 44–50.
[8] World Health Organization. (2018). Cannabidiol (CBD) Pre-Review Report. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/medicines/access/controlled-substances/CannabidiolCriticalReview.pdf
[9] Bergamaschi, M. M., Queiroz, R. H. C., Zuardi, A. W., & Crippa, J. A. S. (2011). Safety and Side Effects of Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa Constituent. Current drug safety, 6(4), 237–249.
[10] Huestis, M. A., Solimini, R., Pichini, S., Pacifici, R., & Carlier, J. (2019). Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Cannabidiol and Cannabinol in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study. Clinical chemistry, 65(9), 1190–1199.
[11] Navarro, P., Fernández-Ruiz, J., & De Miguel, R. (2020). Extraction and purification of cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa plant: A review. Current opinion in food science, 36, 53–60.
[12] Blessing, E. M., Steenkamp, M. M., Manzanares, J., & Marmar, C. R. (2015). Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders. Neurotherapeutics, 12(4), 825–836.
